r v smith 1974

r v smith 1974mary crandall hales

Counsel for the Crown, however, stated at the hearing that, were we to declare the minimum of no force or effect, the disposition preferable in his view of the appeal would be to allow the appeal and remit the matter to the Court of Appeal for a reconsideration of the sentence appeal in that court. The Court there found that the sevenyear minimum in s. 5(2) of the Narcotic Control Act, the same provision under consideration in this appeal, was "not so disproportionate to the offence that the prescribed penalty [was] cruel and unusual". For four months the post was not filled. Thus he found, as did Craig J.A., that the sentence was appropriate. ), expressed the following view, at pp. As noted above, while the prohibition against cruel and unusual treatment or punishment was originally aimed at punishments which by their nature and character were inherently cruel, it has since been extended to punishments which, though not inherently cruel, are so disproportionate to the offence committed that they become cruel and unusual: see Miller and Cockriell, supra; R. v. Shand (1976), 1976 CanLII 600 (ON CA), 30 C.C.C. It was unexpected and unanticipated in its severity either by him or by them. Third, there must be a proportionality between the effects of the measures which are responsible for limiting the Charter right or freedom, and the objective which has been identified as of "sufficient importance". It would, under the guise of protecting individuals from cruel and unusual punishment, unduly limit the power of Parliament to determine the general policy regarding the imposition of punishment for criminal activity. It appears to me that his conclusion rests upon the potential disproportionality of the mandatory sentence when considering the range of offences, the variety of ways the offence may be committed, and the great disparity of the sentence with that imposed on others who have committed offences identical in gravity and nature. 217 A (III), U.N. Doc A/810, at 71 (1948), art. While the final judgment as to whether a punishment exceeds constitutional limits set by the Charter is properly a judicial function the court should be reluctant to interfere with the considered views of Parliament and then only in the clearest of cases where the punishment prescribed is so excessive when compared with the punishment prescribed for other offences as to outrage standards of decency. Until such time as the law in this area receives considered attention to address questions of fathers rights in relation to pregnancy the law however is fixed leaving third parties with no rights at all. 61]. As a result, judicial interpretation of the Eighth Amendment has had to be more expansive than would be necessary under s. 12 of the Charter. In his opinion, the non constitutional nature of the Canadian Bill of Rights required the application of traditional rules of interpretation. In such a case it would then be incumbent upon the authorities to demonstrate under s. 1 that the importance of that valid purpose is such that, irrespective of the effect of the legislation, it is a reasonable limit in a free and democratic society. Sir George Baker P in that case said: The Abortion Act gives no right to a father to be consulted in respect of a termination of a pregnancy. "Look, how can I be done for smashing my own property. A punishment will be cruel and unusual and violate s. 12 of the Charter if it has any one or more of the following characteristics: (1)The punishment is of such character or duration as to outrage the public conscience or be degrading to human dignity; (2)The punishment goes beyond what is necessary for the achievement of a valid social aim, having regard to the legitimate purposes of punishment and the adequacy of possible alternatives; or. Today the only way [counsel for Mr Paton] can put the case is that the husband has a right to have a say in the destiny of the child he has conceived. R. v. Smith (1980), 1 Sask.R. 391, refd to. ), p. 790; and Mitchell, supra). See details Criminal Law. ), affirmed by (1973), 1973 CanLII 1572 (SCC), 15 C.C.C. It is this aspect of certainty that makes the section itself a prima facie violation of s. 12, and the minimum must, subject to s. 1, be declared of no force or effect. Constitutional law Charter of Rights Cruel and unusual punishment Minimum sentence for importing narcotics notwithstanding degrees of seriousness of the offence Whether or not minimum sentence cruel and unusual punishment contrary to s. 12 of Charter If so, whether or not justifiable under s. 1 of the Charter Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, ss. 4; Dowhopoluk v. Martin (1971), 1971 CanLII 557 (ON SC), 23 D.L.R. The formation of public policy is a function of Parliament. In this judgment, Heald J., of the Trial Division of the Federal Court, declared that the prison conditions to which certain prisoners were subjected in the solitary confinement unit of the British Columbia Penitentiary amounted to cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. 219, 294, 303, 306, 325, 361. The remaining two sources of arbitrariness, however, can and should be considered by the courts. The husband has no legal right enforceable in law or in equity to stop his wife having this abortion or to stop the doctors from carrying out the abortion. Yet, as Lamer J. points out, s. 5(2) of the, I disagree, however, with Lamer J. that the arbitrary nature of the minimum sentence under s. 5(2) of the Act is irrelevant to its designation as "cruel and unusual" under s. 12. This legislative determination does not transform the sentencing procedure into an arbitrary process. After observing that the words could not be limited to the savage punishments of the past, he said at p. 688: That is because there are social and moral considerations that enter into the scope and application of s. 2(b). (1978), 10. ) How then is this compendious expression of a norm to be defined? Smith, R v [1979] (Crown Court) Speck, R v [1977] 2 ALL ER 859 (CA) Stone and Dobinson, R v (1977) 1 QB 354 (CA) Yuthiwattana, R v (1984) 16 HLR 49 (CA) Subscribe on YouTube. 253 and 255). (2d) 10, 141 D.L.R. (3d) 306; Belliveau v. The Queen, 1984 CanLII 5298 (FC), [1984] 2 F.C. I also agree with him that a punishment which is found to be cruel and unusual could not be justified under s. 1 of the Charter. Looking for a flexible role? At customs he was searched and the officers found over seven ounces of cocaine. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: UK law covers the laws and legislation of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. He was convicted of importing drugs under the Narcotics Control Act and sentenced to eight years. (1978), 10 Ottawa L. Rev. Judicial discretion to impose a shorter sentence if circumstances warrant is foreclosed and the inevitable result is a legislatively ordained grossly disproportionate sentence in some cases. (3d) 138; Piche v. SolicitorGeneral of Canada (1984), 1984 CanLII 3548 (FC), 17 C.C.C. 570, 29 C.C.C. : it must "outrage standards of decency". R gegen Smith (Martin) [1975] QB 531, [1974] 2 WLR 495, [1974] 1 Alle ER 651, CA (Civ Div) R gegen Smith, nicht gemeldet, 13. 384, 13 C.C.C. Disclaimer: This work was produced by one of our expert legal writers, as a learning aid to help law students with their studies. Ronnie L Kimes in Texas Smith County arrested for EXPIRED M.V.R/NO REGISTRATION 3/27/1974. vLex Canada is offered in partnership with: - The Saskatchewan Court of Appeal discussed the meaning of the word "planned" as found in s. 214(2) of the Criminal Code of Canada, R.S.C. While not a precise formula for cruel and unusual treatment or punishment, this definition does capture the purpose and intent of s. 12 of the Charter and is consistent with the views expressed in Canadian jurisprudence on this subject. A sevenyear sentence for drug importation is not per se cruel and unusual. Where Do We Look for Guidance?" Further, after considering the justifications of deterrence and retribution, he concluded at pp. Held: At first instance the defendant was convicted of theft. 680, aff'g 1975 CanLII 927 (BC CA), [1975] 6 W.W.R. Criminal Code, R.S.C. I agree with the respondent that the legislation's purpose is the initial test of constitutional validity and its effects are to be considered when the law under review has passed or, at least, has purportedly passed the purpose test.Thus, if a law with a valid purpose interferes by its impact, with rights or freedoms, a litigant could still argue the effects of the legislation as a means to defeat its applicability and possibly its validity. It is the judge's sentence, but not the section, that is in violation of the Charter. In that regard, he quoted a passage from, The courts have been given the power under, The correct approach is, in my view, indicated in the passage which I have quoted from Mr. Justice Macfarlane's judgment. (3)The punishment is arbitrarily imposed in the sense that it is not applied on a rational basis in accordance with ascertained or ascertainable standards. Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.B.C. In such a case the accused has an interest in having the sentence considered without regard to a constitutionally invalid mandatory minimum sentence provision. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. Furthermore, even assuming some deterrent value, I am of the opinion it would be cruel and unusual if it is not in accord with public standards of decency and propriety, if it is unnecessary because of the existence of adequate alternatives, if it cannot be applied upon a rational basis in accordance with ascertained or ascertainable standards, and if it is excessive and out of proportion to the crimes it seeks to restrain. 1970, c. N1, ss. Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world. On the next day the Appellant damaged the roofing, wall panels and floorboards he had installed in order according to the Appellant and his brother to gain access to and remove the wiring. (2d) 213 (S.C.C. Narcotic Control Act, R.S.C. In my view, in its modern application the meaning of "cruel and unusual treatment or punishment" must be drawn "from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society", That is because there are social and moral considerations that enter into the scope and application of s. 2(, I would adopt these words as well and say, in short, that to be "cruel and unusual treatment or punishment" which would infringe. Added to that potential is the, The appellant returned to Canada from Bolivia with seven and a half ounces of 85 to 90 percent pure cocaine secreted on his person. Held: The travel agent was not liable for theft as there was no obligation to deal with the money in a particular way under s.5(3) Theft Act 1968. It shocked the communal conscience. ), at p. 53). Ct.); R. v. Slaney (1985), 1985 CanLII 1867 (NL CA), 22 C.C.C. o R v Nicholls 1874- child died after moving in with grandmother. 9 and 7 of the Char ter. Smith was charged with causing criminal damage to certain property. To certain property 1874- child died after moving in with grandmother that is in violation of the.. Rights required the application of traditional rules of interpretation to eight years 1975 ] 6 W.W.R 3d ) 138 Piche! Dowhopoluk v. Martin ( 1971 ), 1 Sask.R, 23 D.L.R importing drugs under the Narcotics Act... Invalid mandatory minimum sentence provision, he concluded at pp v. SolicitorGeneral Canada. Importation is not per se cruel and unusual minimum sentence provision, can and should r v smith 1974 considered the. 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